Chapter 2 Population and Health Review Packet Answer Key
Cardinal Issue i: Where is the world's Population Distributed?
Census- the scientific report of population characteristics.
Overpopulation- the status of not just the total number of people on Globe, simply also the relationship between the number of people and the availability of resource.
Nearly ii-thirds of the world'spopulation live in iv main regions:
-EAsia - Ane-fifth of world pop - Five-sixths live in Mainland china lonely
-South Asia - One-fifth of world pop - 3-fourths live in India
-Southeast Asia - approximately one-12th of earth population
-Europe - One-ninth of world population
All of the above mentioned population clusters are located within 500 miles of body of water coasts
Ecumene – the portion of Globe's surface permanently occupied by humans.
Approximately 3-fourths of earth population lives on less than 5% of World'south surface. Generally inhospitable lands are:
-Dry out Lands as well dry for farming cover twenty% of land surface.
-Wet Lands too wet for habitation are generally nearly the equator.
-Common cold Lands too frigid to support civilization.
-Loftier Lands as well steep, common cold, snow-covered for habitation.
Arithmetic density - total number of people divided by total state area.
Physiological density - full number of people divided by total arable state expanse.
Agricultural density - total number of farmers divided by total arable land area.
Key Issue ii: Where has the globe's population increased?
Rough nativity rate- (CBR) full number of live births per every 1000 people per year.
Rough death rate- (CDR) total number of deaths per every 1000 people per year.
Natural increment rate- (NIR) % by which a population grows in a year (excluding migration).
Doubling time- the number of years needed to double a population (assuming constant NIR)
Total Fertility Rate- (TFR) the average number of births a adult female volition have in her lifetime.
Infant Mortality Rate- (IMR) the annual number of deaths of infants under one twelvemonth old compared to number of live births.
Life expectancy- the average number of years a newborn tin can expect to live at electric current mortality levels.
Agronomical revolution- domestication of animals.
Industrial revolution- a conjunction of major improvements in engineering that transformed the process of manufactured goods.
Medical revolution- the diffusion of med tech from MDC's to the LDC's.
Zero population growth- (ZPG) occurs when TFR = ii.i. (once again, this excludes clearing)
The NIR was one.iii % during the first decade of the 21st century, striking its all-time high of 2.2 % in 1963, slowly cruel throughout the latter function of the century, and has declined sharply during the past decade. Although the NIR is lower now than in the 1960's, the number of people being added to the population is still larger because there is a larger base number to multiply the percentage with. Nigh 100% of the natural increment is located in LDC'south, primarily sub-Saharan Africa. The TFR has dropped dramatically in MDC's, normally hovering around ii, and has exceeded 6 in some African countries. Only as the NIR, TFR, CBR, and CDR, the IMR is also highest in LDC's, again primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa. Just life expectancy and doubling time are higher in MDC's.
Central Outcome 3: Why is population increasing at unlike rates in unlike countries?
Demographic Transition- a geographic model that divides a country's development into 4 stages based on its population growth patterns. It has been attempted to have been drawn and explained below:
STAGE 1: Fluctuating high death and birth rates produce niggling growth
STAGE ii: Decease charge per unit plummets equally a country enters theag and industrial revolutions, causing plentiful food supplies and enhanced hygiene are dispersed to the masses. Birth rate stays relatively constant, therefore the NIR skyrockets.
STAGE 3: The expiry rate continues to fall, not as dramatically as in stage 2 though. The birth rate as well falls equally more families make up one's mind to have fewer children for economic and social reasons. Equally a result, the NIR begins to taper off and fall.
STAGE 4: ZPG is obtained through both the improved standards of living as a result of evolution and too because of social community.
*Phase 5: Some argue that a phase 5 may exist and that some West. European countries and perhaps the U.S. will or have already entered. It is effectively the same as stage i, except the birth and expiry rates are extremely depression, merely NIR fluctuates around 0.
Population pyramids- a representation of a country's population displayed by age and gender groups on a bar graph. Normally shows the % of the total popular in 5-twelvemonth age brackets with youngest at base of operations of pyramid and oldest at the top. The length of the bar represents the % of total popular in that grouping. (Males on left, females on right. )
Dependency ratio- the number of people who are too young or likewise old to piece of work, compared to the number of people who are.
Sex ratio- the number of males per 100 females.
Demography- an enormous data source containingvarious geographical information nigh a population.
Central Issue four: Why might the world face an overpopulation problem?
Thomas Malthus proposed in hisEssay on the Principle of Population1798, that the population grows faster than the food supply. He claimed that while population expanded at a geometric or exponential charge per unit, food supply increased arithmetically or linearly.
Nevertheless, the continued development of agronomics has continued to provide the world with an adequate amount of nutrient. The problem now is distribution of food, non the actual production of it. Also, the nativity rates declined sharply in the latter part of the 20th century, thus the world population expanded to only half-dozen billion compared to Malthus's predicted 10.
Neo-Malthusians claim that more LDC'southward are in stage 2 of the demographic transition that ever before in history, thus putting a larger strain on the food supply. They also modified Malthus's theory by stating that the population growth is out-stripping not just food production, but a wide variety of resources, such equally oil, natural gas, etc.
Critics of Malthus claim that population growth stimulates new technology and that equally strain is put on whatever resource, the inventive human will only develop an alternative method in one case it is economically viable.
Pandemic- a affliction that occurs over a wide geographic surface area and affects very high proportion of the population.
Epidemiology- the report of diseases that touch big numbers of people.
Epidemiologic transition- an culling class of the demographic transition that assembly diverse degrees of medical advocacy with the stages of population growth shown in the d. t.
STAGE i: pestilence and famine. Infectious and parasitic diseases are primary causes of death. Black Plague
Stage 2: receding pandemics; diseases spread quickly as poor people crowd into speedily growing industrial cities. Cholera
Stage 3 & 4: degenerative and human-created diseases; vaccination virtually eliminates infectious disease in MDC. The life expectancy continues to aggrandize and chronic disorders such as middle attacks, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer begin to grow more prevalent.
Stage 5: some propose that an historic period of the reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases volition happen, as the once eradicated diseases suit and become immune to the antibiotics that take been used to command them
AIDS (caused immunodeficiency syndrome) has been the most lethal epidemic in years. 99% of new cases inside the terminal decade accept been in LDC's, most notably in sub-Saharan Africa. Equally a result, these countries take seen their CDR soar when information technology should exist dropping. (Near of these countries are in Stage 2 of the demographic transition.
Chapter ii Vocabulary Terms
Agricultural density - The ratio of the number of farmers to the total corporeality of state suitable for agriculture.
Agricultural revolution - The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.
Arithmetic density - The total number of people divided by the full land expanse.
Census - A consummate enumeration of a population.
Crude birth rate (CBR) - The total number of alive births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.
Crude death rate (CDR) - The total number of deaths in a twelvemonth for every ane,000 people live in the society.
Demographic transition - The process of change in a society'southward population from a condition of loftier crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increment to a status of low crude birth and death rates, depression charge per unit of natural increase, and a higher full population.
Demography - The scientific written report of population characteristics.
Dependency ratio - The number of people under the age of 15 and over historic period 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor forcefulness.
Doubling time - The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.
Ecumene - The portion of Earth'south surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
Epidemiological transition - Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
Epidemiology –Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution and control of diseases that are prevalent amid a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes non by and large present in the affected locality.
Industrial Revolution -A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
Babe bloodshed rate (IMR) -The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a lodge.
Life expectancy - The average number of years an individual tin can be expected to alive, given current social, economic, and medical atmospheric condition. Life expectancy at nascence is the boilerplate number of years a newborn baby can expect to live.
Medical revolution -Medical engineering science invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of expiry in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives.
Natural increment rate (NIR) - The percentage growth of a population in a yr, computed every bit the crude nascency rate minus the crude death rate.
Overpopulation -The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.
Pandemic - Affliction that occurs over a broad geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.
Physiological density -The number of people per unit of area of abundant country, which is land suitable for agronomics.
Population pyramid - A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sexual activity.
Sexual practice ratio - The number of males per 100 females in the population.
Total fertility charge per unit (TFR) - The boilerplate number of children a woman will take throughout her childbearing years.
Zero population growth (ZPG) - A decline of the full fertility rate to the point where the natural increment rate equals cipher.
Source: https://olympic.ckschools.org/contact_us/teachers/mr__lant_s_history_homepage/a_p_human_geography/homework_for_a_p_human_geography/ch__2_population
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